Mongolia

Flag of Mongolia- Kwoci Mongku-kwo (蒙古國旗)

Mongolia (蒙古)

File:State emblem of Mongolia.svg-Kwohwey.(國徽)

Gaga kska Yacow ka Mongolia, 46 00 N, 105 00 E ka gaga na nniqan. Kana ka knlbangan na o 1,564,116 sq km (hangan na o Tg19) (knlbanga dxgal o 1,553,556 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 10,560 sq km). Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 3,031,330 hiyi. Gaga Ulaanbaatar ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 11 idas 7 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan. Manu ka dxgal Mongolia ga wada sugan 73% ka dxgal qpahan, 7% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 20% na.

Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, pnaah hngkawas2009 idas 6 jiyax 18pnrajing kmlawa klwaan.

File:Mongolia (orthographic projection).svg-Ida nkiya nniqan lnglingay. (自然地理位置)

cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’

Mongku-kwo(蒙古國)

Mongku-kwo (patis Siriar kari Mongku: Монгол улс, ) asi daha kesa Mongku klaali, wano dheya ka pan-congtongcu ka alang qnlhangan quri tongya, ga pcenga meniq qnlhangan Orosu-renpang daka Conghwazenming-konghokwo, Uranpato ka tunux alang daha ma, alang daha tgkingl paru bale. Mongku nii we, niqan 21 sung ka singcung-cihwa na ma, kingal cusyasu ka tunux alang daha Uranpato, knugheti dheran na we 1,564,116km².

Dheran na saya Mongku nii ge, dheran na Syongnu cbeyo bale, Senpe, Zozen, Tuse, Syakasu, Hweku, Citan dnii, nniqan egu klegan yomu mingcu ma pnhyegan daha alang qnlhangan. Knkawas 1206, pheyu Mongku tikwo ka Cungcisuhan, knkawas 1271, laqi na laqi na kesun Hupire pheyu Yencaw, betaq uka ka Yencaw de wada naq kbberih bsuring Mongku dungan, ani si knteetu mccebu alang ssiyo na Mingcaw Kndalax 16 suci betaq 17 suci de prading kddilan cangcwan hocyaw, pqhedu 17 suci de wada ngalun qqlhangan na Cingcaw, knkawas 1911, poxun ka Cingcaw dige, pnaha kari mesa mpheyu nami naq alang miyan, ani si ini keegu riyung ka alang smruwa, betaq knkawas 1921 de, kdkarun Suo ka zunming koming ma turi ciida, knkawas 1924, pheyu Sohwecuyi Mongku zeming-konghokwo, nii we tnretan na Suren, kika ririh so tnnaku alang nSuren di, betaq ba knkawas 1961 mosa mteme renhokwo de, prading biqan ngayan laalang ucuicil di. Bobo knkawas 1989 ka mnrrudu Tongo de, hani prading ka knkawas 1990 we, pstotuy koming ka Mongku nii duri, kika smmalu senhwa bgurah mesa daano ta totangsu mesa, kika prading mquri sucang cingci ka ddaun daha.

Ris (歷史)​

Risu ncbeyo riyung

Dungus pptasun

Risu nMongku

Qita

Risu nCongkwo

Dheran Mongku kawyea nii we, knptutuy egu ba yomumingcu cbeyo cbeyo riyung, ani slaale, ani sbukuy ge, mneniq hii ka Syongnu, Senpe, Zozen, Tuse ma Hweku ciida, 10 suci, pnheyu Ryawkwo ka Citan, egu bale snpahan nag a mniq hiya.

Mpneyah inu ka Mongkucu nii we ga ini klai ba bale na, qqita bale na dseediq mptpatis we, mpneyah Tonghucu mesa ka kari daha dheya. Pnrdingan 13 suci, wada steran na Temucun kana laalang quri Mongku nii, laqi nlaqi na de spooda daha mccebu ma, phehyu kingal alang paru bale kesun Mongku tikwo. Wada spaux ma mggarang ka tikwo kii de, seediq Mongku ka uxe mneniq Mongku-kawyen hii di we, wada kndudul tgimax naq seediq mneniq hii di. uka ka Yencaw de, mrrudu mccebu kana ka llaalang hiya di.

Cingcaw ciida we, wada na ngalun qqlhangan ka Mongku nii, cceka na we mope-Mongku(way Mongku) peni, ga na ptyusan Uriya-sutay-cyangcyun syaci(sungci singcungci). Quri hhreyan hido we smdaling Heyrongcyang syati, quri ggqiyan hido we dgiyaq Aartay ma, lmutut Sincyang, quri hunac na we dehuk rcilung Tahan ma, mggaluk monan-Mongku, quri daya na we, msaayus daka Orosu. Niqan sepac qnlhangan ka mope-Mongku: Tusetu-hanpu(20 ci), Cocung-hanpu(23 ci), Casakotu-hanpu(19 ci), Sayingnuyen-hanpu(24 ci).

risu nsaya

dungus pptasun

turi ka Waymong ma risu nMongku

Knkawas 1949 idas 10 ali 16, wada cencya Conghwa-zunming-konghokwo daka Mongku-zunming-konghokwo, kii si klaun ba wada turi ka Waymongku di.

Knkawas 2013 idas 5 ali 21, paha singwukaw ka Conghwa-mingkwo, knesa na turikwo ka Mongkukwo.

Cngc (政治)

Dungus pptasun

Cungcu nMongkukwo ma cunghu nMongkukwo

Pnrdingan knkawas 1900, kndalax zenming taypyawtahwe knpriyux tihwecu, kndalax klaalang smugao yiyen, smmalu yihwe.

“senhwa nMongkukwo” we, smruwa yenrun-cuyo, congcya-wcuyo.

Pooda totangcu ka Mongku, saya we 16 ka wada ppatis cungtang daha. Klaun bale we, congcen-penco ka Mongku zenmingtang daka congcen-penyo ka Mongku mingcutang.

Cyunsu (軍事)​

Dungus pptasun

Cyunsu nMongkukwo

Knkawas2003, dmnayo pncbuwan Yirako, wada paha 103 betaq 108 hei supi daha kesun tocentwe mosa Yirako. Saya duri we, 130 hei supi ga na psaan Ahuhan. Snrwaan Renhokwo, 200 hei ka supi na ga meniq Sucusan, pqmlahang topehwating nRenhokwo ga meniq Sucusan. Knkawas 2009 idas 7, Mongku nanaq smkagul supi na kingal dndulan mosa Cato, mosa dmayo Rrenhokwo Conghwe-konhhokwo daka Cato.

Tiri (地理)​

Dungus pptasun

Tiri nMongkukwo ga niqun Mongkukwo ka quri Mongku

Pntyusan dheran na

Ga meniq ckceka Yaco ka Mongkukwo, dehuk Sayenring quri tgdaya na, dehuk dgiyaq Pawzutaw-rokaymingsa ka tghunac na, quri ggqiyan hido we dehuk dgiyaq Manito, quri hhreyan hido we dehuk Mawtotay-hapunar. Peeyah hunac betaq daya na we 1259km, peeyah hhreyan hido betaq ggqiyan hido we 2368km, qndisan ayus na we 8161.9km, tg2 knpruwan alang ga meniq niqan dheran ka Mongku nii laalang bobo dheran nii, Hasako ka tg1 knpruwan dhheran na.

Dheran (地貌)​

Kana dheran Mongku nii we, tnugiyo lmiqu ma kawyen, spuun qmita knbrawan dheran na ge, maha 1580m. quri ggqiyan hido we tnugiyo lmiqu, dgiyaq Aartay we kndalax ggqiyan hido mquri tghunac hhreyan hido dgiyaq nii. Quri hhreyan hido we sbreenux hari kiya; quri tghunac na we dneran Kopi, ririh so 1/3 dheran Mongku nii. Dgiyaq Hwetun nii we, ga meniq ayus Congkwo daka Mongku, 4374m ka knbrawan na, dgiyaq nii ka bbaro bale Mongku. Rcilung Huho ga meniq breenux hhreyan hido we 532m knbrawan na, quri hini ka llebu bale Mongku.

Karac (氣候)​

Mstheya rcilung paru ka Mongku, tleetu ma mddengu hari ka karac na, paru ba ka cenga na kntilux daka knsekuy, llebu ka rbagan ma mddengu mtilux, qnedis ka misan ma msekuy ring, niqan snbhuran huda klaali, ppyahan “hancaw”(“hanryo” kesun duri) Oya-taru ka dheran quri hini.

Qqsiya (水系)

Yayung dheran Mongku we 67,000km kana kndisan na, hmmrinas 0.1km² knuglahang rcilung na we, maha 4,000 sngari, qsiya hmneru we 7,000 sngari ma, egu riyung qsiya dheran truma. Kingal knkawas qlliyan na qqsiya we 390yi m³, ckceka na  88% we mqluli naq dheran daha. Qsiya rcilung na we dehuk 1,800yi m³, qsiya dheran truma we 120yi m³, ani si tbleqi maasu.

Cuzan cuyen

Sunring cuyen

Egu riyung ka sunring cuyen na Mongkukwo, egu ba bbuyu ka Mongkukwo, maha  9% dheran na niqan bbuyu. Knuglahang bbuyu na we 150,000km², ckceka nag na ga mbbuyu we 19,000km². kneegu qqhuni na we 12.77 yim³.

Kwangcan cuyen

Egu ba kwangcan cuyen na Mongkukwo, ga klaun di we niqan Cu, Mo, Au, Ag, U, Fe ma mey dnii ka 80 klegan kwangcan na, 3000 sngari ka dheran niqan kwangcan. Suyo na we, ga meniq so Nankopi-sung ma Tongkopi-sung ka dheran Tahuku. Saya di we, Cu ma Mo kwang na Oartunto di we, ga psaan 10 tgberah Cu Mo kwang bobo dheran nii di, Mongkukwo nii ka egu ba bale Yaco hini.

Tongu cuyen

Qtaan snpegan daha we, camac tnwawa niqan nrihan qmerac ge maha 60 sngari kana, 50 sngari ka qqcurux, 60 sngari ka qqbheni. Ckceka na we maha 17 klegan ka camac ini riyung qtai, so ka rqenux so sapa, sume kopi, miric tanah qalux ngungu, rqenux tapak urung ma kesun daha qolic misu dnii.

Singcng cyuhwa (行政區劃)

Dungus pptasun

singcung cihwa nMongkukwo

kimgal dungan

Qita tiyici singcung cihwa tanwe nMongkukwo

Pntyusan nMongkukwo we kingal su, 21 sung. Pntyusan singcung cihwa ge sung, sumu, paka.

Capuhansung

Kopi-Aartaysung

Koputosung

Payen-Urekaysung

Upususung

Payen

Hongkoarsung

Cenhan-gaysung

Nankopisung

congkopisung

Tongkopisung

Howhan-aysung

Kusukuarsung

Congyangsung

Kuntosung

Suhopatoarsung

Tonghwangsung

Solungkosung

Taarhan-urasung

Puringkansung

Oarhunsung

Uranpatosung

Kopi-sumupearsung

Jnko (人口)​

Hei seediq Mongkukwo

Hei seediq Mongkukwo saya we, maha 300 wan, kndexan seediq we maha 2 seediq/km², to hari riso ka seediq na. Knkawas 2005, spun smepu we maha 65.2 ka kndusan daha, ckceka na we maha 62.1 knkawas na rseno, mqedil we maha 68.6 knkawas daha.

Mingcu (民族)​

Kndlaxun klegan seediq na qmita Mongkukwo nii we, pnhyegan Mongkucu ka alang nii. Mongkumingcu nii we seediq Koarko ka rmabang na ba egu, meniq ka seediq Payati ma seediq Puriyato we, ririh so mingsi(kari Mongku: Ястан) na Mongkucu ka dheya, mrengo kari ini pntena Koarko ka dheya. Niqan tikuh ka Hasakocu, seediq Hwotun, seediq Tuha, seediq Ucupeko ma, seediq Tuwa ka Tuse-mingcu, niqan tikuh ba llutu na Telu ma Orosu.

Kari ma patis

Kari Mongku ka srengo alang nii. Knkawas 1941 idas 2 ka cunghu na Mongkukwo nii we, dnoi patis Ratingwun saangal daha kari daha, ani si ini dehuk kingal idas de wada daha laxun dungan. kika sdilan Okwo, 5 idas na knkawas ciida, prading dmoi patis Siriar di ma, betaq saya. Egu ka seediq Mongku mkela kari Okwo, ani si ini kmalu cingxi na Okwo, kika so hndure de ga mosa smtuku pila Hankwo ka riso Mongku nii, cmluhe kari Dema, kari Telu, kari Tanah Tunux ma kari Hankwo. Kari dnngusan Mongku ka srengo seediq Mongku, ani si niqan 15% ka seediq daha mrengo naq kari daha, niqan tikuh ka mrengo kari Tuse duri. Hasakocu ka rmabang ba egu, egu ka Kore ma Naymancu duri.

Cyawyu (教育)​

Cyawyi na Mongkukwo

Ini angal pila ma ppyasun kana ka seediq Mongkukwo nii. 751 ka kana sapah pyasan ssaan muuyas klaali, sapah pyasan putong-cyawyi.

Kawtung cyawyi

Ququ mita yase snpengan daha

Kawtung cyawyi: Mongku kwori tase, Mongku koci tase, Mongku kwori cyawyi tase, Mongku kwori nongye tase, Mongku cenkan kose tase dnii.

Renwun tase ma Mongku kwoci tase ka suri tase na.

Wunhwa cyawyi tase na Mongku, kingal we dnyangan pheyu tasukwan Tanah Tunux, kkmalu mggaaluk ndaan daha.

Uranpato tase nii we, tgkingl tase pnhyegan seediq alang icil pnhyegan seediq Hangkwo knkawas 1992.

Gaya ma ssnhiyan (文化與宗教)​

Ddngusun matis: Gaya na Mongku ma ssnhiyan Mongkukwo

Qita Mongku poukwan, Mongku kwocya tusukwan

Mongkukwo saya peni na, maha 53% snhei cangcwan-hwocya, 3% ka snhei Isurancya, 2.9% ka snhei Samancya, 2.1% ka snhei Citucongcya, 0.4% ka snhei duma naq congcya, 38.6% we uka snhiyan ka kiya.

Waycyaw (外交)​

Ddngusan matis: pnhyegan Mongkukwo

Pnugluban na daka Conghwarenming-konghokwo

Ddngusan matis: pnugluban Congkwo daka Mongkukwo

Uxe beyo mhedu knkawas 2005, niqan ka knlbuwan seediq mangal ngayan “hwan Mongku yuntong” mosa smeeliq kmremux sapah bbrigan Telu. Tmraqil Telu daka Hangkwo ka seediq hwan Mongku yuntong, ani si, egu naq seediq lmekuh ooda so nii duri. So ka, netun so qmita niqan pntasan patis Telu daka Mongku ka dseediq hwan Mongku yuntong nii de, sgliqi kesun daha, ini thei de sliqun daha bbrigan kii denu. Kika so tunux alang daha Uranpato di we, ini ttai ka patis Telu, icu daka sseeliq sapah daha bbrigan ka Telu de, ptasun daha pati Mongku daka Eeygo di.

Knkawas 2014, kwocyacusi na Telu ka Sicingping mosa qmita Mongkukwo, mpprengo mesa pddayo ta de niqan pais meyah kmuremux.

Dnngusan matis

Pungluban na Conghwa-mingko daka Mongkukwo

Wada hii ngalun ka Mongcang-weyenhwe ka knkawas 2017 idas 9 ali 15 di, ga daun wunhwapu, waycyzwpu ma singcungyen-taruweyenhwe ka saya qqpahun na di. Wunhwapu we, ga na phyegun Mongcang-wunhwacongsin ka nniqan na; kika so ooda quri Mongkukwo we, ga sbege waycyawpu saya di

Pungluban na daka Hangkwo

Dnngusan matis

Pungluban na Mongkukwo daka Hangkwo

Dungus na 70% rseno Hangkwo mosa Mongku we, mosa skdi mqedil, hmrinas 50 sapah kara-ok ssaan theyaq mqedil ga Mongku hiya mesa kari daha. Meniq ka rsemo so nii mprigo meeyah skadi weewa tthiqun we, ga qmerac ka cunghu Mongku, qrapun na weewa ga mosa gmbaruy hii duri, kika wada kndudul uka hari ka kara-ok so nii di. ani si ga mdudul egu ka qnduriq mosa ciropu tpaan dmai daka prteruc hei di, qntaan daha peeyah mtuting ssaan stama sapah skiya hii de, asi osa tthiqan weewa ciropu tpaan dmai. Ado ka so nii rseno Hangkwo, mosa theyaq mqedil Mongku de mosa rmingo hiya, kika trqilun riyung na seediq Mongku ka seediq Hangkwo.

Pungluban na daka Okwo

Dnngusan matis

Pungluban na Mongkukwo daka Okwo

Mqnaqah Congkwo daka Suren han we, mquri Suren ka Mongkukwo nii hayan, mquri Suren ciida we, niqan dnayo na smeele elu rulu puniq na Mongkuwo ka Suren. Kmmalu hari daka Orosu. Paru riyung ka dndilan na Orosu ma wunhwa na sohwe-cuyi, kika niqan pnhyegan na sapah mtaapa bbaro ka Uranpato hiya, kata ppheyu na sapah alang ma ssalu elu we pnyugan na Suren, kana patis Siriar ka ga daha dooyun.

Pungluban na daka Tanah Tunux

Dnngusan matis

Pungluban na Mongkukwo daka Tanah Tunux

Sumo Tanah Tunux ka pusu daha mkmalu ka Mongkukwo daka Tanau Tunux nii, na biqun egu ba hbangan ODA Mongkukwo ka Tanah Tunux, kuxul riyung seediq Mongkukwo ka rulu dnooyan daha. Knkawas 1972 idas 2 ali 24, pteetu patis pnugaaluk daha. Sqita patis pntasan knkawas 2004 idas 11 na tasukwan na Tanah Tunux de, cniyuk daha mesa “Ye su smkuxul Tanah Tunux” we, hmrinas 70%, ma sniling na mesa “Alang kenu ka kuxul su?” we, tgberah ba ka kuxul daha ka Tanah Tunux. Kiya duri we, alang Pingkusen Tantongting na Tanah Tunux(tantongting na Hongkansu saya) we, mkmalu ba daka Mongkukwo, niqan kingal “Jupun Mongku mingcu poukwan” ka alang nii. Knkawas 2010 idas 4 ali 1, seediq Mongkukwo mosa Tanah Tunux we, ani naq ini oda ppatis ngayan, 30 ali rmigo hiya.

Pungluban na Mongkukwo daka Yenan

Knkawas 1954 han we, pnteetu patis pggluk daha alang nii han, ciida han we Hu cu-ming ka qnlahang hayan, kika Yenan mingcu-konghokwo.

Meyti (媒體)​

Meti na Mongkukwo

Qtaan snpegan cunghu na Mongkukwo we, maha 126 klegan ka pawcu na kana Mongkukkwo nii, 92 ka cacu na, 76 ka sapah kwangpo na, 105 ka tensutay na, 30 sngali ka wangru meti na. Pawcu na bale we, niqan “Zupaw”, “Suci sinwunpaw”, “Cinzupaw”, “Cunripaw”, “Mongku sinwunpaw” dnii.

Cingci (經濟​)

Qita Mongkukwo cingci

Cingci na Mongkuk nii we ini hari skela, GDP daha knkawas 2011 we, tg118 ka pnseengan daha. Ini spaux ka Suren han we, egu bale dnyagan na Mongkukwo ka Suren hayan. Wada spaux Suren de, uka cnpilan na kongye ka Mongku, ini skela ka ssalu na, mnrao ka dheran na, ini baka cucucenso na duri, meyah kana ka knnaqah na di. Hndure hari de, kndalax knkawas 2002 de, kndudul malu ka cingci na Mongku, mrana 6% knkingal knkawas; GDP na knkawas 2007 de mrana 9% di. Mntena naq ali ciida we, Maha 36% ka mqrinuc seediq Mongku nii, seediq uka qpahun ma, mkere brigun ka qyqeya. Hndure nii di we, smnegul knmalu kwangye daha, ini beyo mdakil ka cingci daha. Knkawas 2011 de, mrana dehuk 17% ka kndkilan cingci daha, tg1 kana alang bobo dheran nii, ani si mhenuk brigun metan de, so mptrqeraq ka cingxi daha di.

Nongmuye(農牧業​ )

Cingci-pumun na Mongkukwo ka simuye nii peeyah cbeyo, ririh so cnpilan bale ppyahun daha pila, maha 70% na GDP daha. Smnegul knpriyuxan cingci-ticu daha ma, suyohwa, sucanghwa de, ini beyo mrana qtaun kana cingci daha, ani si ini baka ka beyax daha kmdakar snliqan na snbhuran paru ma, so mmnarux naqah. Simuye na Mongkukwo nii we, roto, dmai, dapa miric bale ma miric uban ka stabu daha. Knkawas 2017, ini ali mrana kana ka so tnbugan daha, kika dehuk risu sinkaw. Betaq hiti ali na knkawas 2017, msngali 6620 wan kana tnbugan simuye na Mongkukwo nii, wada mrana 7.6%. Cceka na we 390 wan ka dmai, 5.9% ka kiya: dapa we 440 wan, 6.6% ka kiya: roto we 43.41 wan, 0.7% ka kiya: miric uban we 3010 wan, 45.5% ka kiya: miric lmiqu we 2730 wan, 41.3% ka kiya. Tg2 knegu uban miric ka Mongkukwo nii, ani si ini dehuk knmalu ka ssalu daha ma, ini naq keegu ka pila bnrigan daha. Pnhyegan na knkawas 2002 ka kongsu na mbbari hei tnbungan we, kiya si tgparu bale kongsu daha zowpin-cyakong ciye.

Kwangye (礦業)​

Kwangye nii ka mpdudul cingci-tisi na Mongkukwo nii, lekuh ba ngngalan pila cunghu Mongkukwo nii. Knkawas 2005 we, maha kongye-congcancu 64. 1 na Mongkukwo, maha 76.9% cucanpin daha. Egu bale ka kwangcan nMongkukwo, mey, ingsu, u, cing, te, si, yo ka egu ga dheran daha. Sneku na tong, mu we dheya ka rmabang ba Yaco ta hini. Kana snlmeyan kwangye na knkawas 2017 we, 93860 yitu, wada mrana 32.8%.

Caycung cinzong (財政金融)​

Pila snalu na Mongku-inghang ka ga dooyun saya we, niqan pila klabuy ma, niqan pila kretan. Kari sneegan pila we, tukoriko mesa ka dheya, kingal tukoriko we maha mntena 100 hawko. Pila ddayo n aka hawko, ini daha dooi saya di. Betaq pqhedu knkawas 2017 ka idas 12, M2 na Mongku nii we, msngali 15.8 wan yitu, wada mrana 6.6% de pseengun idas wada hndure, spseung knkawas 2016 de wada mnara 29.9%.

Riyoye (旅遊業)​

Kana alang Mongkukwo nii we, maha bale 700 ka dheran ssaan rmigo, sapah ttqiyan ma sapah ppuqan ido. Maha 500 hari ka kongsu ga qmeepah riyoye nii, sapah ttqiyan we niqan kesun Uranpato, Cungcisuhan, kuxul riyung saun rmigo seediq we, Haarhoring-kutu, rcilung Kusukuar, Retoarci, Cungcisuhan, Nankopi, Tongkopi ma Aartay ka saan mhero camac.

Cyawtung (交通)

Dnngusan matis

Cyawtong na Mongkukwo

Cyawtong na Mongkukwo nii we, niqan kongru, teru, hangkong ma sweyun, kongru ma teru ka lekuh na bale. 1815km ka kndisan teru na, 49250km ka qndisan kongru na, 44 ka sstmaan sapah na skiya, yayung ddaan asu we 580km. Knkawas 2017, pila nngalan na yunsuye we 13580 yitu, wada mrana 14%; hnaqul na qyqeya we 5391 wantun, wada mrana 33.5%; npaan na seediq we 2,1757, wada meelih 18.3%.

Teru (鐵路)​

Dngusan matis

Teru-yunsu na Mongkukwo

1815km ka qndisan teru na Mongkukwo, teru nii ka hmnaqul 97% ma, 32.3% ka hnqulan na koyun. Gtngayun riyung cingci na Mongkukwo nii ka Teru hiya, rmabang ba phaqun qyqeya theya. Tunux alang daha Uranpato ka cyawtong sunyo na, teru nii ka gtngayun daha bale peeyah Uranpato mosa quri Orosu daya. Uranpato teru nii we snpuwan smmalu Mongku daka Oros, mntena bnege daha pila. 5291 yitu ka sntkeyan daha pila knkawas 2017, wada mrana 21.1%, hnqulan na qyqeya we 2270 wantun, mrana 13.6%, 262 wan ka seediq npaan na, wada meelih 0.8%.

Kungru(公路)

Kongru na Mongkukwo nii we ini khwata, 49250km qndisan kongru na, ckceka na we, 900km ka kwotaw sungtaw na, 1300km qndisan ka elu na saadux. Knkawas 2001, knsmalu na “kongru kesun censi ”, 10 knkawas smeelu, sneelu elu peeyah Tonghwang-sung betaq Payen-urekaysung, elu poyoru gmseqic hhreyan hido mquri ggqiyan hido alang Mongkukwo, mksmeelu 2200km ka kndisan na. ckceka na we, kongru ka Cyawtiar─Sayinsanta─Camunuto nii ka qtaun bale, wada qgeun smeelu ka Sayinsanta di, 5064 yitu ka pila nngalan na kongru nii, wada mrana 8.5%, 3121 wantun ka hnqulan na qyqeya, wada mrana 53%, npaan na seediq we 2.12 yi hei, wada meelih 18.6%.

Hangkong (航空)​

Hangsen na hangkong Mongkukwo nii we 40.000km, 44 ka stmaan sapah skiya na. Anu gnrangan meniq seediq Mongkukwo nii we ini pbleyaq ma, ssaan hmaduc qyqeya na duri we so kiya duri, dungan we, gheti riyung dheran na ma, uka riyung ka seediq na, mkpgkala nnaaguh na hmaqui we thteran hari. Paru riyung dnyagan na rulu tmalang theya ma, cingci renro na alang icil ka hangkong yunsu na Mongkukwo nii. Kwoci-cicang ka Cungcisuhan-cicang saya di, niqan ka kndalax Uranpato mosa Peycing, Arrenhawto, Huhohawo, Pawto, Mosuko, Soar, Tongcing ma Hwaran-kohu pskiya klaali. Knkawas 2017, nngalan hangkong tunsu na Mongkukwo nii we, 3222 yitu, wada mrana 12.2%, hnqulan na qyqeya we 3082.6 tun, wada meelih 0.5%, npaan na seediq we 82.54 wan hei seediq, wada mrana 22.6%.

Sweyun(水運​)

Ani naq kesun ini eniq ssiyo rcilung paru ka Mongkukwo, yayung dheran alang daha we, paru ba dnyagan na cyawtong yunsu alang daha ka sweyun nii. Knkawas 1991 idas 8 ali 26, wada pteetu patis Uranpato hii ka Congkwo daka Mongku nii, “Qndheyan daha kari mesa moda dheran Congkwo mosa alang bukuy rrcilung ka Mongku we, asi ka pooda kari pnrngagan daha”, Tencing-kang ka rhengun oosa daha aalang bukuy ka Mongku. Hndure hari de ga mlebi ka qyqeya npaan na sweyun nii di.

Cungsu cyawtong(城市交通)​

Quri cungsu cyawtong daha we, ado ka kndudul egu ka seediq ma, niqan naq rulu ka seediq duri, ma, ini knbaka ka kongkong cico daha, kika ga kndudul stngaun rulu ka Uranpatosu ma, ga so hari knbaka ka eku oda rulu.

Kwocya kongyen (國家公園)​

Dungus pptasun

Kwocya kongye na Mongkukwo

Betaq knkawas 2012 idas 5 ali 23, alang Mongkukwo ka Tahuarye we pnaha kari mesa mpheyu 29 kwocya kongye. Kingal dungan we, niqan “sunsung tici”(ririh so yenko pawhuci), “cizan pawhuci” ma “cinenti” duso nii ka kwoci tope-pawhuti ka dheya.

Tiyiyuntong (體育運動)​

Dungus pptasun

Tiyi na Mongkukwo

Qita

Awringpiko weyenhwe na Mongku

Yuntongyen na Mongkukwo nii we, quri so swaycyaw, cenci, soci, cusingco dnii peni, mangal malu nsaan psseung. Knkawas 1964 betaq knkaws 2012 ka Awringpiko yuntonghwe we, mn12 mosa psseung syaci yuntomhhwe ka taypyaw na Mongkukwo, mnangal cin, ing, tong paycyang 24, qtaun tiyi kwocya twe daha ka Mongkukwo nii we, niqan kwocya rancyotwe, kwocya panti-cyotwe ma, Mongku kwocyaw cucyotwe.

Pnyahan pnatas(參考資料)

• CIA
• 外交部
• List of current heads of state and government
• (參考自中文維基百科)