Iran (伊朗)

Gaga kska Yacow ka Iran, 32 00 N, 53 00 E ka gaga na nniqan.

Kana ka knlbangan na o 1,648,195 sq km (hangan na o Tg18) (knlbanga dxgal o 1,531,595 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 116,600 sq km).

Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 82,801,633 hiyi.

Gaga Tehran ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 1 idas 4 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan.

Manu ka dxgal Iran ga wada sugan 30.10% ka dxgal qpahan, 6.80% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 63.10% na.

Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Hassan Rouhani, pnaah hngkawas2013 idas 8 jiyax 4pnrajing kmlawa klwaan.

cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’

Iran (伊朗)

Iran isrankonhoko kesn daha Iran tnngayan, knkawas berah 1501

bsiyaq knkawas nndaan kesn daha Posu, ga menag Siya, alang Koka

Conton, tgdaya ga skapah Lihai, tghnag na ga sdalin Poaswan daha ka Icirn arapo. Tgnarat ga sdalin Pcistan dahaka Afhan ka Iran, tgnarat daya msaayus dahaka Tkman, tgirin daya nag ga sdalin Yasapaizan dahaka Yameniya ma sdalin Nasicewan ccko na Yasaipaizan, tgirin mgarut Torci dahaka Irako (kstan). 1, 648, 195 pinfan konli ka knglahan deheran koka na, ga menag blenux dgiyag Iran ka deheran na mdengu hali ka kara hiya. 8320 man nin knhbalo kana seedig na, spu hbalo ini pntena kaalang seedig, seedig posu ka psu na, ya hali dehug 52% knhbalo na, kiya ka seedig yasaipaizan, seedig kto, seedig arapo. Kari kkrahan we kari posu. Snuhiyan daha we mahan daha yimamcon dngus cida snye isranciau (hmrinas 90% kana seedig alang daha snuheyi) snhiyan koka Iran, nikan cida snni isranciau, yauciau, yotaiciau, cituconciau ka pntasan senfa daha. Tunx alang we Toheran.

Tguyangun Posu cbeyo ka Iran, berah 28 sci uka kkawas ciida han pnheyu Aiwanko dahaka sbobo na Mitiwanko, nii sa babale pnyahan wenmin bryenx dgiyat na Iran. Dehug berah 550 uka knkawas, kbsulan Cilsu heya wada peheyu alang palu knlahanngan Postiko. Knkawas cceka mpitu sci, pklahan Sasan wada posn kmlahan na Arabo, kndalah ciida wada smnegun Isran kana deheran Conton dgiyat Iran, snihiyan Senciau heya mnoda kmlahan alang duri wada knddn llebu ka odana. Hndule hari de wada klhagun na Inko dahaka Ouko. Knkawas 1925, peheyu kklahan Palewan. Bobo pncbwan daha, wada knddun mtalih klahangan na Inko dahaka Ouko ka qbsran Mohanmodo-lisa.palawe, smnegun ddaun mntena Dame, wada mangan palu haten hari ka cincicenso koka na, mangan palu hari beyah smnetun ssio alang Conton. Berah knkawas 1979, Qbsran lhola.msawe.homeni dmdn Isran komin, wada posn ka dmoi pklahan, peheyu Isran konhoko, sbekui daha seedig Dame menag dame taskuan Iran ciida, kiyaka snciyu tmrakin dame ka Iran di, heya dmdn knciyug tmrakin dame dahaka alang sifan koka.

Peheyu spwan na kingan snhiyan dahaka pklahan ka kklahan na alahg ka Iranisran konhoko, dmoi palu dndlan ma beyah spi kopka we qbsuran ba palu kesun, gunao pnslian seedig meepah snhiyan kesn daha cuwanciya feyi, Homeni mlale bale qbsran dmdun pala, Sayito.hosani.hameniyi ka qbsran palu. Smngegun ndaan Conton neko ka kklahan daha, Sosoto we bobo Qbsran palu dmoi bekui daha dndran, psu qbsran kklahan koka, kesun pstnx na pklahan, uxe heya ka dmdun qbsran spi, pneyah kana seedig alang ka moda gmao, sosoto saya we Hasan.luhani, berah kingan fuconton we aisako.ciahancili. sapah peheyu llamu gaya we Gikaiisran, kingan bale dndran, Gicio saya we Ali.laciani. lmaban palu kmlahan gaya we Sfaconcen, tlngan kpahan na we Qbsran palu moda pndngus peheyu, gico Cwekaufayen dahaka concencia can we Sfaconcen moda pndngus peheyu, Satiko.laliciani ka Sfaconcen saya.

Iran we ga tgimah kingan psu cinciti meag Yaco dahaka Conton, palu ndaan na cinci, knkawas 2012 we 5485.9 iku pila dameka sncancocu na alang, ga bekui mpsan kmhalan kingan menag bobo deheran, Sncan concu snpegan sbleyaq knkingan seedig we 7207pila dame, beku mpitu kmahalan mmteru menag bobodeheran (pntasan na kocihopicicin ccu). Gnbarui Sekiyu we pspnyahan na Iran, pnyahan na sekiyu we meheyu bekui menag bobodeheran ka Iran, bekui daha knpalu alang gnbarui sekiyu menag pnslian Syoscko. Liyar ka tnnganun pila na Iran, sdgiyan na gnbalui alang we Cnkok, Intu, Arapo renhotakonko, Turci. Smnge gun dokricu ka oda kklahan na ka Iran, ini pggalug ka ooda na kurin gaguq, tgimaha psu peheyu Renhoko, Pcemonyinton, Isranfeyiccu, syoscko ccuka heye. Knkawas 2019 wada mangan mnarux convi-19 hmrinas daha man seedig.

Ti-ri(地理)

Ga menag tgirint hnat na alang Conton ka Iran, kesn deheran Siya, tguirint na daya we mggaluq alang Yasapazan (432 konli ka knblawan ayus daha) dahaka Yameniya (35 konli knblawan ayus daha), tgunarat mkri daya we sedan alang Tkman (992 konli knblawan ayus daha), tgnarat mssiyo Afhan (936konli ka knblawan ayus daha) dahaka Pacistan (909 konri ka ayus daha), tgirint mlltu Irako (1458 konli ka knblawan ka ayus daha) dahaka Trci (499 konli ka knblawan ka ayus daha), cceka na mkri daya ga sedan sedan icilun Rihai (knblawan na ssiyo icilun we 650 konli), tghnat gaga skapah Poswan dahaka Arapowan (knblawan ssiyo icilun na1, 770 konli). 1,648,000 pinfan konli ka kngheti deheran alang na (1,636,000 pifankonli ka kngheti deheran nana, kngheti qsiya gaga alang na we 12, 000 pinfan konli), kana kngheti deheran na ga ga beku mahan mmteru menag bobo deheran.

Deheran brenux dgiyat, deheran mtrebun dahaka ddgiyag ka hnyegan na deheran na, ano ga sio icirun nikan tikoh brenux. Kesn dgiyat Iran lmaban geheti. Tguirin so deheran llmiku hbalo hari seeedig ga menig, mgalut lmiku kauciaso, zakolosu dahaka orporsu. Ktaun kana kara na Iran we dgeun dahaka mddeka mdengu, ali kmyuh we mseli idas mahan dehug idas sepa, sppegun bale knkawas kyehan na we ini dehug 250 konli.

Cng-c(政治)

Snyepai ga dmoi kmlahan Isran konhocu na ka Iran. Isranciau heya si babale dmoi uka psegun beyah na gaya, psu balo bale snolun kkdesn. Qbsran peheyu klhagun koka snleus bale ini sruwa smnegun mincudicu kndalah sifan, psu bale qbsuran Homeni snleux bale pndux sa, babale elu kklahagun we, beyah kklahagun Koka we asika dooyun Ulima, Gikai we tikoh hali dnoyan na beyah. Menag daha kmhalang kingan sci knkawas kmhalang mmsepa ciida, pnsgaun unbeyah lnlnngan Msulin Iran "lnlnngan na heya nana dmdun" koka, mntena dahaka Sren.

Smlwa hbalo tan ka menag koka Iran, nikan malu ka oda na psgao, ndaan na psgao babale wada smnegun lnlnngan na seedig, mntena aina palu beyah na dnoyan na ppklahan, knseun bale smnegun egu klegan psgao kkdesn na seedig Iran. Soni beyah kklahan kndalah beyeh Utux dahaka psugao kndalah seedig pspun oda peheyu 「Isran konhoko」dehug saya kinngan bale deheya dumoi cncuticu sonii. Qbsuran ga balo, cwancia feyi, yiin kensacu Sianfa dahaka pnslwa knmalu koka yiinkai deheya lmaban palu beyah na, dmoi beyah balo uxe kdalah baga kmlahan bobo deheran.

Qbsuran balo(最高領袖)

Dmoyi qbsran palu Iran we seedig dmoi dndlang kmlahan alang ma kmlahan snhiyan, psu posa kari dndlang hedai ma Isran kominwetue, kpahun nii dehug mhking. dmoyi qbsran palu Iran we Ali.hameyi. mlaale ba dmoyi qbsran palu Iran we Lhola .msawe. homeni knkawas 1989 idas 6 ali 3 wada mlalux mgedan, soksn de Cwanciafeyi peheyu sosoto Ali.hameni dmoyi qbsran palu Iran. Kesn Cwanciafeyi nikan mspadn mmsepa mmteru pnsliyan seedig deheya dmoi psgao, kmlahan, paalisq qbsran palu. Pnsliyan seedig Cwanciafeyi we mmsepa knkawas tehang moda psgao, podana knbahalo seedig ga menag knkingan alang Sn, kndalah seedig mnuuyas gaya snhiyan seedig alang ka moda psgao meta kipu. Kingan knkawas mndaha moda psseli Cwanciafeyi. Soni tehan hali wada moda psgao seedig Cwanciafeyi we knkawas 2016 idas 2 ali 26.

Centu weyenfe(監督委員會)

Manhan daha pnsliyan seedig ka Cenfa cenfu weyenfe, mmteru knkawaska kkpahun na. Mmteru seedig pton fasiecia we Sfaconcien modapaha ngayan ma bobo moda psruwa Yikai de kiya ka mangan kpahun na. Plgagun snorunSienfa; plgagun ma pslwa oda kari pneyah slwaangikai, ye ini knuukutngsaan na Isranciau dahaka Senfa, netun nikan plngagan msciyu tngsaan, Senfa de hridn daha Gikai moda psciyug plngagan dngan.

Pnhyegan Kocia weyenfe we sapah pslingan qbsran lmaban palu na Iran, deheya sekinin psbale ini pntena plngan na Gikai dahaka Senfa weyenfe, dmayo Qbsuran palu moda kmlahan, pooda slmeyan palu ndaan na Koka. lima knkawas ka qpahan na seedig menag pnhyegan kocia liyiweyenfe. Siseki dahaka pnsliyan yiyin Qbsran palu ka moda gmao pkepah. dmdun qbsran palu pkepah sapah pklahan, peheyu gaya, kmlahan gaya, dahaka mmteru Concia faseicia deheya nii we slwaan tgimah pnsliyan yiin menag Kocia liyi weyenfe. Netun pplego ndaan pklahan de, Bucio pklahan, netun yiinkai kaigi de seedig dmoi sekinin Gikai sluwaun lingi yiin suupu kaigi.

Sosoto(總統)

Sosoto nekocu ka kklahan na Iran. Sosoto Iran ka tunx Qbsuran na, tunxqbsuran na pklahan. Nikan knpiya splawa na kpahun fku Sosoto, plawa berah kingan Fku Sosoto dmdun kmlahan Neko. seedig meepah Neko we Sosoto moda pahangayan, daun psluwa Gikai. Uxe Sosoto ka

dmoi lmaban palu beyah na dmdun kmlahan spi. Beyah kklahan na Sosoto we ga llihun beyah na Qbsuran palu dahaka beyah pnsliyun snhiyan. kkpahun na Conton Iran we sepa knkawas, ini hwa mntehan moda mangan kpahun nana, asika pdaun psgao kana seedig. ye nikan dngus na moda psgao Sosoto asika moda psilin ma slwaun na Senfa cenfu yiyinkai, mngan kpahun pnsgao ni asika pdaun Senfa cenfu yiyinkai smlwa plgagan dngan, kpahun Sosoto asika Qbsuran palu moda peheyu kari. Hasan.ruhani Knkawas 2013 mntehan ni mangan Sosoto Iran saya, knkawas 2017 pnpsan mangan dngan.

Rifa cikwan(立法機關)

Yiyencu ddaun na kklahan ka Iran, Gikai Iran we lmban pau kesn sapah

pehunegun gaya. Daha kbekui mngari kmhalan ka pnsliyan Yiyin na.

sepa knkawas ka kpahun na Yiin, mangan pnsgao de mangan ka

kkpahun na, kndalah pnsgao senkio kana seedig. Gikai we nikan beyah

na peeyah ma smnetun plgagun ka gaya, smluwa Yiswan, ceswan, lmiyux Sosoto, meta kipu pliyuh ma inisnuheyi Pcan. Kana gaya Nudaan smluwa plngagan Yikai de asika daun psluwa Senfa cenfu yiinkai dngan. Hndre hari Knkawas 2016 idas 2 ali 26 mnoda psgao senkio ka Gikai.

Fa-ryu(法律)

Gmalan so plngagan kari mtlawoh knlahngan na ka Iran, knkawas 1989 knddun mehenug knlhangan na kensa slmeyan patis, mpsan kmhalang suci cceka knkawas mngari kmhalang, so tehan saaduh ka knlhangan na pnlngagan kari ka Iran, anisokiya spun mita kana koka Isran menag Conton (mntena so Sawuti arapo, Yemn) lmaban mehenug knlhangan na ka Iran.

Way-cyaw(外交)

Nikan bsiyag plngangan daha ayus, snhiyan, knlhangan na seedig ka

Irandahaka Irako. Knkawas 1980 idas 9 mccebu ka daha lalang nii,

mccebu ciida Bekoku dmayo Irako. Knkawas 1988 idas mmsepag,

wada daun gmayo plengo hbalo alang kiyaka wada mtalig mccebu di. Idas mpidu ali kmhalan daha mmsepa, Lafsanciai wada mangan psgao Sosoto knkawas 1997 idas lima ali mpsan kmhalan teru mohamoto.hatami lmtu.

Knkawas 2005 idas 6 ali 25, Zicio Theran Aihamaiti.neciato magan Pnsgao Sosoto Iran, moda knciyug ndaan Sifan ka kkpahan na, moda dmoi genus Bakdan ka kkpahun na, kiyaka daun hmetun kmlahan sifan koka. Knkawas 2013 idas mmteru ali mahan lima, seedig daihiyo dmdun plengo genus bakdan, seedig mehenu lnlngan Hasan.luhani wada mangan psgao Sosoto.

Cun-s(軍事)

Daha klegfan pnheyu na hetai, ini pntena alang icin, konho kocintwe dahaka komin wetwe, qbsuran ga balo ka dmdn na, nikan teru klegan hetai Ru Hai Kon kana daha. Ini nag kmalu hari ka kyukeya spi na ka Hai Kon na Kominwetwe, ani na hikoki ma hne tohari so kyukeya clokah, gnbaan kmlahan dgus snhiyan Isranciau ka Komin wetwe, dehu hari 12.5man nin ka knbhalo spi na, ma deheya dmoi beyah kmlahan alang duri, ma kmlahan beyah mpayis alang, uncgin skglun mccebu alang icin duri, plgagun bale we teheyi lnlnngan ma nikan pahun mccebu ka spi komin wetwe, ma palu snhiyan daha, ndaan kklhagun dmoi palu ttu lamn pila soka Tensin, Ginko , smmalu sapah, nikan seedig Kmin wetwe ka pnsliyan Tonsfe tluma. Supi Konhoko mntenag hari kkaalang koka icin nikan Rksentai, hetai umi, kon cin dahaka hetai kmlahan karac, kana snpegan spi daha dehug hari lima kmhalan lima man nin snpegan, Kbslan palu ka dmdun ndaun spi menag punsriyang kofan weyenfe.

Sing-cng cyu-hwa(行政區劃)

Pnsgan kklhangun; teru kmhalan kingan Sn, teru kbekui daha kkmhalan sepa Sen, mmsepa kbekui mmteru kmhalan lima Ci , mngari kbekui mmsepa kkmhalan daha Su, 2300 Sian ; Dma deheran pnsgaan icilun iniptasi, ga klhangun Homckan Sn.

Cing-ci(經濟)

Ktaan pntasan pnsiliyan Kocihopiccu, knkawas 2012 snpegan kana sncan concu na Iran we 5489 iku pila dame, knegu na beku daha kmhalan kingan menag bobo deheran, spegun knkingan seedig we 7207 pila dame, mtbeku mpitu kmhalan mmteru menag bobo deheran ; sncan concu mtbale we 9974 iku pila dame, mahan mpitu beku nab obo deheran, knkingan seedig knkawas nangan daha pila we 11395pila dame, beku npitu kmhalan mmsepa menag bobo deheran.

Gnbalui sekiyu ka pnyahan na kezai Iran , hacda kpahan na soka sekiyu, hirui , smmalu rru, ma tenckonye, hokonye, kyukeya kesan spido ka haten duri. Kpahan kikayi wada mdakin ka knmalu na . alang Fcistan we lhengun icilun mosa gnbarui kyukeya kndalah kpahan sekiyu. Kkdesn na. Kezai Iran we bbrigun na sekiyu, beyah pnyahan slumeyan na sekiyu we beku sepat menag bobo deheran, ma knegu bburigan na alang icin we beku daha nenig bobodeheran. Ga tgimah pnsliyan gnbalui sekiyu ka Iran duri.

Kndalah bobo Isran komin ini balui sekiyu Iran ka Mekoku, hmetun msobai krui Iran ka Omon duri, kana pnsriyan kmi na hterun na gnbarui sekiyu kndalah Iran

. Knkawas hiti 2005, Conko dahaka Iran wada matis patis pssluwa Gnbalui sekiyu dehug 1000 iku pila dame, wada mangan sdngiyan palu gnbalui sekiyuka heya. Lmegoriun mkri Pnsliyan gnbalui sekiyu plaho ta tehan dmoi pila dame moda kesan mesa ka Iran, skidio ta kinngan pila moda dmoi kesan, knkawas 2008 idas 4 ali 30 pahakali mesa, gnbalui sekiyu wada paalih pila dame moda kesan

di. Dmoi Oyen ka kesan gnbalui mkri Oco, menag Yaco de dmoi pila tangah tnux dahaka pila zenminpi moda kesan. Knkawas 2012 idas 5 ali 8, seedig snkglun meepah menag Aren koka（Arapo renhokonhoko）na Iran mesa lmego, gnbalui sekiyu mkri Conko Wada smluwa dmoi pila Zenminpi dma ka kesan.

Knbhalo heyi seedig (人口)

Wada tehan paha kari moda smeun ttin laki ka na tnsapah. Knkawas 2012 idas 8 ali 2, Wsnpu Iran lmego, wada malih kegaku smeun ttinlaki ka ka Ira di, ga psmeyah mtara 「knegu tntingan laki 」, msciyu kinnga kbhalo na hnyegan na seedig Iran .

Snpegan knbhalo heyi seedig ali wada na Iran
knkawas	Spegan heyi seedig	±%
1956	18, 954, 704	—
1966	25, 785, 210	+36.0%
1976	33, 708, 744	+30.7%
1986	49, 445, 010	+46.7%
1996	60, 055, 488	+21.5%
2006	70, 495, 782	+17.4%
2011	75, 149, 669	+6.6%
Kndalah snpegan csin Iran

Min-cu ni Cung-cyaw(民族及宗教)

Knkawas 2017 snpegan knbahalo kana seedig Iran wada dehuq 8000 man nin, tgimah tlma nikan seedig posu（51%）, Yasayipaizan（24%）, cilacimacan（8%）, kdo（7%）, arapo（3%）, pelcu（2%）, rur（2%）, tukman（2%）, yameniya, iran ydaya, yasu, lako , kascia, ciacuya, cerkosu, tacu , manta , cipsa, plafe, hacala, hasako dahaka kaalang （1%）. Seedig kaalang Yasaipazen we lmaban tikoh snpegan heyi seedig ka heya.

Kana snpegan heyi seedig dehuq 89% kbhalo snheyi Snye cida Isranciau, 9% seedig snheyi Sni cida Isranciau, msngari 2% seedig snheyi lamu snhiyan（kiristo, soloyasto, yudaya, manta dahaka pahani）. Seedig Yameniya dahaka seedig Yasu snheyi kiristo, seedig Yasu ganag dmoi kari rdan ncbeyo Alami.

Wun-hwa(文化)

Mkri yisu, yingaku, peheyu sapah, uyas, cose, snolun rdan dahaka ssiantisi na Iran, wada bsiyag ktaun menag Risu na =.

Wada hmlinas2, 500 knkawas mnenag risu na ka kari Posyirisu, hmiti

eguk ktaun pnatis na Wensen. Palu bale plngagun ka Poswense menag

bobo deheran, soka Szen ; Hafecu, Rumi, Omar.haiyamu, Nicami,Sati. solacu dahaka Fertosi, nikan egu hniti na knmalu pntasan, Syin iran

dahaka knmalu baleka uyas pntasan, kmuro kana bobo deheran.

Wada knkawas daha kmhalan lima, pnsliyan pkita ega ktaun daha malu taun ka ega na Iran menag bobo deheran, mnangan dehug teru gmegui snalu menag laalang. Apas-ciyarostami（عباس کیارستمی‎）nikan kingan ngayan mukuri dmdun peheyu snlmeyan ega, Asha-hwahati mpsan mangan umaban malu ega lalang icin menag Auska. Kana Meti ga klhangun Sehu menag Iran, pkita ooda Meti de asika moda psluwa Isran ciayipo. Mntenag sokiya ka wanciwanru duri. lsliso mangan so ooda bgulah ma pkita so bgulah ooda slnuun kndalah walu kana.

Smnegun knumalu alang dahaka mtbale we undaun Weka na Iran. Mhuwe rdan ma mqela riun sodai seedig meyah teheyac nii we huniti gaya kndalah rdan Irannawuzocu we smesn knkawas bgulas ktaun ali patis na Iran we idas teru ali daha kmhalan, ma nncgin idas teru ali daha kmhalan kingan menag unbelah rbagan. Knkawas 2004 ali snseman nawuzocu wada tinguyangun hwewcu wenhwayican na ciakowenccu Renhoko.

Seedig mkela ppkn lmengo ; ppkn Iran mntena hari pncahada neyah alang Conton, ma rmaban egu klegan pndaun na lnlnngan knmalu ssaru na , mntena tninun na pala posu knriku tninun ma lnlamu lako. Kndalah knkawas 1979 bobo pncbwan Isran komin, galan na knriku knlhanganHmetun ndaan tonsiren. Ktaun gaya Isran, nudun kesn tonsiren we smerag gaya ma sdalan nikan cmi. Asika qbsuran Homeni wada peheyu gaya smluwa gnbegah seedig. Kiyaka seedig wada sruwaun gnbegah de ini hwa moda mangan psterun ka seedig menag Iran.

Cyaw-tung(交通)

Kndisan na errru Iran we 179388 koli（knkawas 2003）, kndisan eru kisiya we 8367 konli （knkawas 2006）, basio hikjo we 331（knkawas 2007）, kndisan yayun ddaun hne we 850 konli（knkawas 2006）.

Pnyahan pnatas(參考資料)