Guatemala (瓜地馬拉)

Gaga kska Kska- Hunac Meycow ka Guatemala, 15 30 N, 90 15 W ka gaga na nniqan.

Kana ka knlbangan na o 108,889 sq km (hangan na o Tg107) (knlbanga dxgal o 107,159 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 1,730 sq km).

Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 15,189,958 hiyi.

Gaga Guatemala City ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 15 idas 9 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan.

Manu ka dxgal Guatemala ga wada sugan 41.20% ka dxgal qpahan, 33.60% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 25.20% na.

Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Jimmy Morales, pnaah hngkawas 2016 idas 1 jiyax 14 pnrajing kmlawa klwaan.

cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’

Kwatimara (瓜地馬拉)

Kwatimara konghokwo, Kwatimara kesun daha, ga meniq Congmeyco, quri ggqiyan hido we Taypingyang, quri hhreyan na hido we Cyaropihay, quri daya na we ptaayus Mosiko, Perisu ka quri tgdaya na, tghunac na hhreyan hido we, Hongturasu ma Saarwato.

Pnyahan ngngayan (名詞來源)

Ngayan Ktimara “Guatemala” nii we, pneeyah kari Wanaar ka Kuwahotomaarran (Cuauhtēmallān), uxe de “dheran egu riyung qhuni” mesa ka kari Kocemaya “egu qhuni”, yaani kari gino mesa “Cuate/Cuatli” qhuni (Eysenhardtia) peni. ngayan nii we, smnegul supi na Petoro‧To‧Arwarato ka Torasukara, wada daha ngalun ka dheran Sipanya nii de, nngalan daha ciida ka ngayan nii.

Ris (歷史)

Peeyah 4 suci betaq 10 suci peni, dheran daha llebu hari kesun Petung we, hiya si ckceka nMaya wunhwa, mpkhedu 10 suci de wada daha spoxun di ma, niqan naq ka ga ckceka dheran na bbaro hiya dungan. Knkawas 1524, meyah dehuk Kwatimsra ka Sipanya, wada nii hrahun di ma dheya cuming hiya di. Anu cuming-cungco na Sipanya we, pkuuka nhiya, kanna patis mneniq hii we wada sliqun ma slmaqun, uka bale ga msngali saya di. Knkawas 1820 idas 9 ali 15, Kwatimara ma kana alang Congmeyco we, malix qnlhangan nSipanya. Knkawas 1824 betaq knkawas 1839 de, wada mosa tuumal Cngmeyco ka Kwatimara nii, betaq ba knkawas 1840 de, knburux naq kingal alang qnlhangan di.

Knkawas 1821 idas 9 ali 15, Kwatimara ma kana alang Congmeyco we, malix qnlhangan nSipanya. Knkawas 1824 betaq knkawas 1839 de, wada mosa tuumal Cngmeyco ka Kwatimara nii, betaq ba knkawas 1840 de, knburux naq kingal alang qnlhangan di.

Knkawas 1841 betaq knkawas 1871, Kahwear‧Karera ma bobo na ka seediq pawso-pay dmudul cunghu daha. Anu mdakar naq ndheya naq, lmngelung mesa naka dooyun ka tuncu-cutu na cuming-suci, ini stqita mesa huwa kesun ka smbleyaq qnlhangan.

Knkawas 1871, cuyotang na Htosu‧Ruhweno‧Paawsu‧Awyen prading dmudul qnlhangan, dehuk knkawas1944 de, prading knbeyax cinci sentayhwa. Ciida duri we dndulan Dame ka renho-kwoping kongsu we, prading mari kahwe ma blebun na Kwatimara, ma, mrunux cungcu na Kwatimara.

Knkawas 1944, bobo suye-koming de, wada poxun ka tucayco Hawarho‧Uweko, kika moda mingcu ma yenrun-cuyo ka dheya di, kika niqan ka tg1 hwari daha mqlahang seediq pqeepah di, knkawas 1950 betaq knkawas 1954 de, lutuc na seediq Zwesu Kowo‧Apunsu ka congtong daha, moda tuti-kayko. Ciida we 2% bale ka seediq tndheran ma, 70% ka dheran qqpahun, Apunsu de paha kari mesa, knpryuxun mu ddoi dheran na seediq, paha kari mesa brigun mu ka dheran na tndheran ma, kndlaxun ta maasu seediq uka riyung dheran. Wada mbeyax kari nan ii senci ka Apunsu nii ma, wada asi oda tuti-kayko. Seediq ka niqan knglahang dheran 223are we, netun na ini qpahi di we ngalun swecin. Mhiti na de, kndalax 1059 nongcang mnangal 4300are ka dheran, ye ba wada 10wan hari ka nongming wada niqan patis tnheran.

Tiri (地理)

Ga meniq Congmeyco ka Kwatimara, quri daya na so dheran llebu ka Petung we lmiqu qqyexan mttilux, dheran na ckceka bbaro we niqan qgiyaq puniq, dehuk 4200m ka cneriq na dheran madis puniq, dheran na quri Taypingyang we, breenux pphmaan ani maanu, mtilux karac na hiya.

Ckceka ka dheran na bbaro we, wunhwa-congsin nKwatimara nii, maha 1300m dehuk 1800m ka knbrawan na, muuxun karac na tnkingal knkawas, diyan han we maha 18° betaq 28° ka kntlexan na, rmaband baro hari de msekuy ka hiya. Ga meniq hini ka tunux alang daha Kwatimarasu. 250wan ka hei seediq na, hini ka tg1 knpruwan ka alang daha pngerah. Rcilung Atitoran ka riyo-congsin daha, tunux daha alang cbeyo Kwatimara, alang cbeyo ka Tikaar ma, duma alang niqan ngayan ka Kosaarnanko ma Cicikasutonanko.

Kwatimara nii we, niqan 37 ka dgiyaq na cmeriq puniq, ckceka na so mrmari hari we sepac nii: dgiyaq Pakaya, dgiyaq Sungtiyaku, dgiyaq Huayko ma dgiyaq Takana. dgiyaq Huayko daka dgiyaq Pakaya we, cmneriq knkawas 2010, knkawas 2018 dungan we, cmneriq ka dgiyaq Huayko dungan, kbekuy sngali ka seediq mangal luqah ma wada mhuqil ka duma.

Singcng cyuhwa(行政區劃 )

Kwatimara we 22 sung, betaq knkawas 2014 di we, 330 ka singci na

#	省 sung	首府 tunux alang
1	上韋拉帕斯省 Alta Verapaz San-gwerapasu sung	科萬 Cobán Kqwan
2	下韋拉帕斯省 Baja Verapaz Sya- gwerapasu sung	薩拉馬 Salamá Samara
3	奇馬爾特南戈省 Chimaltenango Cimaartonanko sung	奇馬爾特南戈 Chimaltenango Cimaartonanko
4	奇基穆拉省 Chiquimula Cicimura sung	奇基穆拉 Chiquimula Cicimura
5	佩滕省 Petén Petung sung	弗洛雷斯 Flores Fororesu
6	埃爾普羅格雷索省 El Progreso Ayar Purokoreso sung	瓜斯塔托亞 Guastatoya Kwasutatoya
7	基切省 Quiché Cice sung	聖克魯斯 Santa Cruz del Quiché Sungkorusu
8	埃斯昆特拉省 Escuintla Askuntora sung	埃斯昆特拉 Escuintla Askuntora
9	瓜地馬拉省 Guatemala Kwatimara sung	瓜地馬拉市 Guatemala City Kwatimara su
10	韋韋特南戈省 Huehuetenango Wewetonanko sung	韋韋特南戈 Huehuetenango Wewetonanko
11	伊薩瓦爾省 Izabal Isawaar sung	巴里奧斯港 Puerto Barrios Periawsu kang
12	哈拉帕省 Jalapa Hara sung	哈拉帕 Jalapa Harapa
13	胡蒂亞帕省 Jutiapa Hutiyapa sung	胡蒂亞帕 Jutiapa Hutiyapa
14	克薩爾特南戈省 Quetzaltenango Kosaartonanko sung	克薩爾特南戈 Quetzaltenango Kosaartonanko
15	雷塔盧萊烏省 Retalhuleu Retarurayu sung	雷塔盧萊烏 Retalhuleu Retarurayu
16	薩卡特佩克斯省 Sacatepéquez Sakatopesu sung	安地瓜 Antigua Antikwa
17	聖馬科斯省 San Marcos Sungmakosu sung	聖馬科斯 San Marcos Sungmakosu
18	聖羅莎省 Santa Rosa Sungrosa sung	奎拉帕 Cuilapa Kwerapa
19	索洛拉省 Sololá Sorora sung	索洛拉 Sololá Sorora
20	蘇奇特佩克斯省 Suchitepequez Sucitopekosu sung	馬薩特南戈 Mazatenango Masatonanko
21	托托尼卡潘省 Totonicapan Totonikapan sung	托托尼卡潘 Totonicapán Totonikapan
22	薩卡帕省 Zacapa Sakapa sung	薩卡帕 Zacapa Sakapa

Cngc(政治)

Totangcu ka Kwatimara, mingcu konghokwo wada tnburux

Knkawas 1896 1 idas ali 15, paha patis daha sehwa, sancen funri ka cunrti na, kika singcung(congtoong ma hucongtong), rihwa(kwohwe na Kwatimara) ma suhwa(cwekaw-hwayen) daha we psaanak.

Knkawas 1993 we wada slmeun ka sehwa daha, tahwakwan daha we, peeyah 9 hei wada prbangun dehuk 13 hei, ttloongan na congtong hucongtong ma, kwohwe-yiyen saha we, peeyah 5 knkawas hridun betaq 4 knkawas, tahwakwan we, peeyah 6 knkawas hridun betaq 5 knkawas, sucang ma suyiyen we, peeyah 2 knkawas ma mddeka kingal knkawas we, prbangun betaq 4 knkawas. Congtong we asi ka hwating cungnenjen mosa metaq kipu, mntexal bale,

Senci kwohwe ma congtong nii we, sepac knkawas texal, kana riso 18 knkawas we niqan sencicen, uka sencicen ka supi. Kwohwe ka pstiyu seediq mmaha cwekaw-hwayen, sepac knkawas tloongan daha hiya. Tasen ka knkawas 2003 we, pnckulan cenkwo tarenmong ka Awsuka‧Pearho ka wada mangal, 54.1% ka nngalan na kipu, cenkwo tarenmong nii ka tangpay mbeyax bale meniq kwohwe duri.

So ka duma alang qnlhangan Rating Meyco peni, uka pnsludan na mingcu ka Kwatimara, ini ptkere riyung ka tangpay daha, niqan naq tangpay ka dmnudul texal qnlhangan de wada mtggarang. Duma naq tangpay we, paru ba dndilan na ndaan cungcu, so ka supi ma ciye lmekuh dheya peni.

Ndaan senci knkawas 2007 we, pncikul copay Cenkwo siwang renmong ka Aarwaro‧Koromu wada mangal congtong, mndaha topyaw de 52.82% pnspegan topyawri na, heya we tg1 copay congtong nKwatimara.

Tasen Kwatimara ka knkawas 2011 we, pncikul yopay na aykwotang ka Awto‧Peresu‧Morina wada mangal congtong mndaha topyaw, 53.74% ka topyawri na.

Tasen Kwatimara ka knkawas 2011 we, pnckulan kwocya ciho cunsen na Cimi‧Moraraysu ka wada mangal congtong mndaha topyaw, 67.44% ka topyawri na.

Tasen Kwatimara ka knkawas 2019 we, pnckulan huncitang ka Ciang‧Matay ka wada mangal congtong mndaha topyaw, 57.95% ka topyawri na.

Niqan seediq mesa, ini kmalu ka jencen na Kwatimara nii mesa, mskari yecuming kwangpo we ini srwai na qnqlhangan, betaq hndure hari ka ga hani malu.

Waycyaw (外交)

Ado bsiyaq bccebu ka qnlhangan daha naq, so hari tmburux nanaq ka waycyaw nKwatimara nii, peeyah knkawas 1980 de, wada matis patis pntbale daka mingcu-hwaho ma supi jmciyuk, kika kndudul qtaan laalang bobo dheran nii di.

Kari prngagan daka Perisu

Pnatis Aaysinena-Weko tyawye knkawas 1859 Ingkwo daka Kwatimara, spatis daha ayus Hoturasu nIngkwo, ayus nii ka ayus dheran na Prisu saya, anu 18 suci ciida we pnatis hoye Ingkwo daka Sipanya, spooda tyawye de, kndalax tghunac na dheran yayung Sipun(Aycinena-Wyke) ma, dheran tncysan rcilung ka dheran tghunac 4627mil² Perisu saya we, kiya kana dheran gnlekan Ingkwo ciida. Pooda kongto ka Kwatimara knkawas 2018 idas 4 ali 15. Knkawas 2019 idas 5 ali 8 we pooda kongto cniyuk n aka Cunghu Perisu duri, smruwa bqanun kwoci-hwayen(ICJ) ka pnkseenggan daha nii, ga tmara kari na kwoci-hwayen ka dheya saya.

Pnugluban daka Conghwa mingkwo

Kndalax knkawas 1933 idas 6 ali 15 betaq saya we, pnheyu pnugluban ka dheya daha nii, ani naq cingmaw-tocu, cyawti-wunhwa, canye-cisu, cicu-censo, cyunsu ma wesung dnii peni, ga daha spuun moda.

Nungyey(農業)

Nongye we sepac kingal pnsnakan na GDP, maha teru daha pnsnakan na cuko. Mddeka beyax qmeepah we na seediq pqeepah. Kahwe, knciya, blebun ma took ka pusu ba bbrigun daha, kahwe ka lekuh na bale, tg6 egu kahwe bobo dheran nii ka Kwatimara, ga daha phmaan quri Antikwa, Atitoranhu, Kowan, Wewetonanko, forayhanesu ma Sungmakosu-sung ddheran nii. Niqan kingal Kahwe sehwe ka Kwatimara(ANACAFE), dheya ka mbaruy kahwe daha.

Kungyey (工業)

Maha ba rima kingal pnsnakan DGP ka kongye ma cencu daha.

Knkawas 1996, pnatis patis mptbale de, wada malix ciida ka pncbuwan daha 36 knkawas di, wada hii ngalan ka qqeerung na waysang-tocu. Mrana ka nngalan cunghu, niqan prrngagan daka kwoci tocuciye ma, pnbeyo cinzong ciko nseediq naq ma, pqita ddaun bobo. Netun so ini keelih paru ka bnrigan nongcanping we, nexal de maha mntena cingci-cungcang knkawas 2000 na Kwatimara ka ndaan daha.

Bgihyr paru ka knkawas 1998 we, maha tikuh ka snliqan bgihur na Kwatimara nii daka duma qnlhangan ssiyo na.

Ryuyo(旅遊)

Ga mbeyax ba rmawiq ka riyoye na Kwatimara, sqita pngklegan kwankwangci(INGUAT) na Kwatimara we, ga na ptyasan so nii ka dheran daha:

Ssiyo na Kwatimara sung(Guatemala): ga na pgmaxun ka pnheyu saya daka pnheyu cbeyo, qqtaan na we, Antikwa(UNESCO suce wunhwa-yican), Kwatimarasu, rcilung Amatitoran dnii.

Dheran bbaro(Highlands): pusu na we Maya wunhwa, qqtaan nawe, rcilung Atitoran, Cicikasutonanko, Cicesung-sungkorusu, Totonikapan, Kosaartonanko dnii.

Petung sung(Petén): mosa migin Maya wunhwa ka pusu na, qqtaan na we: Tikaar(UNESCO sucecuzan ma wunhwa yican), rcilung Petungyica, Fororesu ma jnkingal snpahan Maya dunii.

Iysawaar sung(Izabal): knmalu ba Cyaropihay ka pusu na, qqtaan na we: Riwunsutun, rcilung Yisawaar, snpahan Maya Quiriguá (UNESCO suce wunhwa yican) dnii.

Werapasu(The Verapeces): nkiya nanaq ka pusu na, qqtaan na we: Semuc Champey、Grutas de Lanquín dnii.

Kssiyo Taypingyang: tthiqan bobo rcilung paru ka pusu na, qqtaan na we: dgiyaq puniq Pakaya, Monterrico, pglbanan asu Sunghosay dnii.

Quri hhreyan hido(The East): ssnhiyan ma nkiya nanaq ka pusu na, qqtaan na we: rcilung kweha, Aysucipurasu dnii.

Cyawtung (交通)

Daha ka stmaan sapah skiya keoci-cicang na, ga Raawrora kwoci-cicang Kwatimarasu ka kingal ma, ga Maya suce kwoci-cicang na Peting sung Santa Elena ka kingal.

Rusang cyawtong na Kwatimara nii we kongru ka stmaun daha, tgCA1 kongru we mllutuc Mosiko, Saarwato ma Kwatimarasu, tgCA9 kongru we mllutuc daha pglbanan na Kwatimara nii, tgAC2 Kongru we mosa quri eluw ssiyo Taypingyang, tgAC13 kongru we mosa Perisu. Kongru daha we, rulu naq nseediq daka kongco ka gtngayun daha, rluwan na kongco we Kwatimarasu. Nniqan eluw rulu puniq ka Kwatimara han, ga lixun saya di, tiici na Kwatimara su ge, niqan teru poukwan, ssaan tsdamac tikuh nniqan daha rulu puniq.

Hei seediq (人口)

Llutuc na seediq Maya ka 43% hei seediq nKwatimara. Niqan llutuc Hweco ka ssiyo rcilung Cyaropihay duri. Ga meniq nongcun hari kana seediq Kwatimara, ani si ga ini beyo muyu alang pngerah. tencucyaw ka smaun daha bale, ga mquri snhei tencucyaw ka snhiyan daha cbeyo di. Yaani 40% ka seediq snhei sincyaw, 1% ka snhei Maya congcyaw.

Ani naq kesun kwanhwang yiyen ka kari Sipanya we, ani si mskari naq kari Maya ini pntena ka seediq hiya. Rmabang bale ka ga meniq nongcun di, ini kela mrengo kari Sipanya.

Patis pntasan daha knkawas 1996 ka mptbale peni, niqan kari mesa patis cenhu, ma patis senci we, phlidi kari seediq naq hiya.

城市 alang daha mpngerah

瓜地馬拉最大城市排名 pnsseengan knpruwan alang pngeran Kwatimara
	排名 Knpruwan	城市名稱 Ngayan alang	省 Sung	人口 Hei seediq
瓜地馬拉市米斯科	tg1	瓜地馬拉市 Kwatimarasu	瓜地馬拉省 Kwatimara sung	1,110,100
	tg2	米斯科 Misuko	瓜地馬拉省 Kwatimara sung	473,080
	tg3	比亞努埃瓦 Piyanuaywa	瓜地馬拉省 Kwatimara sung	406,830
	tg4	聖米格 Sungmiko	瓜地馬拉省 Kwatimara sung	141,455
	tg5	聖胡安薩卡特佩克斯 Sunghuansa-Katopesuko	瓜地馬拉省 Kwatimara sung	136,886
	tg6	克薩爾特南戈 kosaartonanko	克薩爾特南戈省 Kosaartonanko sung	132,230
	tg7	卡納萊斯鎮 Kanaraysu cun	瓜地馬拉省 Kwatimara sung	122,194
	tg8	埃斯昆特拉 Aysukuntora	埃斯昆特拉省 Aysukuntora sung	103,165
	tg9	奇瑙特拉 Cinawtora	瓜地馬拉省 Kwatimara sung	97,172
	tg10	奇馬爾特南戈 Cimaartonanko	奇馬爾特南戈省 Cimaartonanko sung	82,370

Ttgsa(教育)

So ka cicu cyawyi, cunghu daha we, ga pheyu kongri syawse ma congse. Ini bege pila kana mosa muuyas sapah pyasan nii, ani si, so lukus plkusun mosa sapah pyasan, patis, ppatis ma ttpaan rulu we, laqi naq muuyas mbari ma mbege kiya, kika laqi so mqrinuc de uka daha brahan mosa muuyas. Egu bale ka so laqi mtbleyaq naq tnsapah daha, mosa muuyas suri-sesyaw ka dhwya. So ka kawtung cyawyi daha we, kingal bale sungKarosu(USAC) tase ka kongri tase daha, ma, 10 sngali ka suri tase na(qtai patis pnatis na Kwatimara tase). Pnhyegan knkawas 1676 ka sungKarosu tase, tase nii ka paru ba ma, bsiyaq pnhyegan Kwatimara hini, ririh so tg4 bsiyaq bale pnhyegan tase quri Meyco.

Seediq daha hmrinas 15 knkawas we, 74.5% mkela qmita ma smepu patis, tghiti ba laalang congMeyco. Ani naq tikuh bale mkela qmita ma smepu patis ka seediq daha we, niqan sntangan na ka Kwatimara cunghu, nexal bobo 20 knkawas di we, maha niqan bnleqan daha.

wunhwa (文化)

congcyaw

Tencucyaw ka stmaan daha bale ka seediq Kwatimara nii, maha 50% kana seediq daha. Duma snhiyan daha we, 36.7% ka snhei Sincyaw, 0.4% ka snhei Maya congcyaw, 9.1% ini snhei ani maanu.

kari

Kwanhwang yiyen na Kwatimara nii we kari Sipanya. Kiya ka kiya we, kana hari seediq Kwatimara nii we, mskari naq kari daha ka dheya, egu klegan ka kari nanaq ndheya hii duri, niqan kingan kari kesun Garífuna ka quri Cyawropihay hiya.

uuqun(飲食)

Kwatimara nii we, paru riyung dndilan wunhwa nMaya ma nSipanya qnlahang dheya hini. So lklukus daha ma, so ka puuqun daha we ida naq muy/dmoi ssalu nMaya dungan, egu ba snpahan na Maya nana. Quri ssiyo rcilung Cyaropihay hiya we, qtaan ka kkeeki nHweco dungan, qbhangun de muuyas uyas snhiyan daha, ma, ga mgimax so ppuqun daha duri.

Pnyahan pnatas (參考資料)

CIA
外交部
List of current heads of state and government
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/危地马拉 (參考自中文維基百科)