Estonia (愛沙尼亞)

Gaga kska Owcow ka Estonia, 59 00 N, 26 00 E ka gaga na nniqan.

Kana ka knlbangan na o 45,228 sq km (hangan na o Tg133) (knlbanga dxgal o 42,388 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 2,840 sq km).

Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 1,258,545 hiyi.

Gaga Tallinn ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 24 idas 2 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan.

Manu ka dxgal Estonia ga wada sugan 22.20% ka dxgal qpahan, 52.10% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 25.70% na.

Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Alar Karis, pnaah hngkawas 2021 idas 10 jiyax 11 pnrajing kmlawa klwaan.

File:EU-Estonia.svg-Ida nkiya lnglingay nniqan (自然地理位置)

Patas bntasan:Drone video of Estonia 2021.webm

Estonia 2021

cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’

Aysaniya (愛沙尼亞)

Aysaniya kongho-kwo (kari Aysaniya: Eesti Vabariik), klaali de asi daha kesi Aysaniya (kari Aysaniya: Eesti, hengak Aysaniya: [ˈeːsti]), kingal alang ga Porotihay, tunux alang daha ma tgparu ba alang daha we Taring.

Ri-su (歷史)

Seediq mneniq hini cbeyo cbeyo bale we, seediq Hwunran-Ukoar na Aysaniya-cujen. Betaq knkawas 1227, Aysaniya nii we wada kndudul meyah kmremux mangal Tanmay ma seediq Juarman ka Riwoniya-cisutwan (cisutwan dmoi yayu), kika meyah remux hini ka Citu-cyaw di. Kndalax ciida, sryuxan meyah qmlahang alang mbeyax Pe-ow ka Aysaniya, ckceka na we niqan Tanmay, Jweten, Poran, mhiti ba de wada krmuxan mgnal O-kwo di.

18 suci wada krmuxan mangal Orosu-sahwang-kwo, bobo su-ye ko-ming ka O-kwo de tu-ri di, hani hari prading ka tg2 pncbuwan bobo dheran nii we, wada krmuxan mangal Suren dungan. knkawas 1991, turi dungan ka Aysaniya.

Ngayan alang saya na Aysaniya (Eesti) nii we, pneeyah kari seediq Sukantinawe, esti kesun daha ka seediq ga meniq hhreyan hido Sukantinawe hii. Knkawas kong-yen 98, patis pntasan na Tasito ka “Juarmanniya-cu” we, ga mangal kingal kari ini hari pntena mesa “aestii” ka rrengo na Aysaniya. Seediq naq Aysaniya we, “Eesti” kesun daha ka alang daha, ngayan so nii we ini hrinas 19 suci.

Knkawas 2006 idas 9 ali 23, psaanak mndaha moda senci congtong, Tomasu‧Hongtoriko‧Iarwesu ka wada mangal.

Sing-ceng cyu-hwa (行政區劃)

Ga ptyusan 15 sen kana alang Aysaniya

(ani naq hlidun “sung”; kari Aysaniya: maakond, egu de: maakonnad), so nii:

**Ngayan laalang dnngusan na Aysaniya**
Ngayan 名稱	Ngayan tnhlidan 譯名	Kari tnhlidan Congkwo 中國駐愛使館網站譯名
Harju maakond 或 Harjumaa	哈爾尤縣 Haaryo sen	哈留省
Hiiu maakond 或 Hiiumaa	希烏縣 Siu sen	希尤省
Ida-Viru maakond 或 Ida-Virumaa	東維魯縣 Tongweru sen	依達－維魯省
Järva maakond 或 Järvamaa	耶爾瓦縣 Yearwa sen	雅爾瓦省
Jõgeva maakond 或 Jõgevamaa	約格瓦縣 Yekowa sen	耶蓋瓦省
Lääne maakond 或 Läänemaa	萊內縣 Rayne sen	里亞內省
Lääne-Viru maakond 或 Lääne-Virumaa	西維魯縣 Siweru sen	里亞內－維魯省
Pärnu maakond 或 Pärnumaa	派爾努縣 Payarnu sen	帕爾努省
Põlva maakond 或 Põlvamaa	珀爾瓦縣 Poarwa sen	貝爾瓦省
Rapla maakond 或 Raplamaa	拉普拉縣 Rapura sen	拉普拉省
Saare maakond 或 Saaremaa	薩雷縣 Sarey sen	薩列省
Tartu maakond 或 Tartumaa	塔爾圖縣 Taartu sen	塔爾圖省
Valga maakond 或 Valgamaa	瓦爾加縣 Waarcya sen	瓦爾加省
Viljandi maakond 或 Viljandimaa	維爾揚迪縣 Wearyangti sen	維良地省
Võru maakond 或 Võrumaa	沃魯縣 Owru sen	維魯省

Cing-ci (經濟)

Ga na ngalan kaw-sozu kwocya Aysaniya nii ka suce-inghang. Ado ini beyo mrana ka cingci na, kika “rkelic Porotihay” ka Aysaniya nii kesun daha. Knkawas 1929, snmalu kingal hbangan msdehu ka korang Aysaniya. Hbangan nii we, cong-yang ing-hang na Aysaniya ka pgpaha. Bbrigan naq quri hiya ma si-Ow ka hbangan nii ma, Tokwo daka Ingkwo.

Knkawas 1999, smterung kndalax turi de, mgnetun cingci weci uxe daha nntenan ka Aysaniya nii, bale ba we ririh so dndilan cingzong weci na Orosu ka knkawas 1998 idas 8. Knkawas 1999 idas 9 ka mosa tuumal suce mawyi-cucu ka Aysaniya. Ga na suyo-hwa ka nunyen kong-ing, tensing, tetaw dnii kwoing-suye ka Aysaniya. Knkawas 2004 idas 5 ali 1 we, mosa tuumal Ow-mong ka Aysaniya. Ga mtrepiq ba ka cingci na Aysaniya ka saya, malu bale kana ka cusin-koci na. egu ba ka kongsu na Hwunran we, wada na psaun Aysaniya ka ingyun pumun na, pcikun cingci hwacan.

Pnyahan (資源)

Tenjan cuyen na Aysaniya we, niqan ypyeyen ma suhwesu ma, bbuyu ga mubung 47% knuglahang dheran na (dehuk knkawas 1017 dige, wada mrana betaq 51% di). Aysaniya nii we, egu ba toring-kwang, ricing-yo ma hwakang-yen na duri, uxe gino yoye-yen ma suhwe-su. Hndure nii de, ado cmucac ka Nawaar tencang na di, netun ini pryuxi smmalu knkawas 2013 de, lebun ma laxun daha dhenu, kika gad aha prngagan ba msalu kingal hoten-cang ka ngngalun daha nung-yen.

Jen-ko (Hei seediq) ma cong-cyaw (人口與宗教)

Sqita snpegan hei seediq ga wangcan we, betaq knkawas 2020 idas 3 ali 5 di ge, 1,291,232 hei kana seediq na Aysaniya. Wada meeli tikuh daka snpegan na cunghu Aysaniya, ga ini meelih ka hei seediq na Aysaniya, 60.3 wan ka rseno, maha 46.4%, mqedil we 68.8 wan, maha 53.6%. Aysaniya-cu we 68.7%, Orosu we 24.8%, duma mingcu we 4.9%, ini klai alang na we 1.5%. Sqita knkawas daha de, psseengun tgtexal smepu di we, laqi (rabu betaq 14 knkawas) we, peeyah 18% meelih betaq 15%, seediq rudan hmrinas 65 knkawas na we, peeyah 15% mrana betaq 18%, seediq mkela qmeepah (15-65歲) we mntena naq, maha 67%. Ali snpegan nii we, kndalax knkawas 2011 idas 12 ali 31 betaq kndalax knkawas 2012 idas 12 ali 31.

Kari pqlahang na Aysaniya nii we kari Aysaniya, paru ba pnugluban na daka kari kari Hwunran. Ddooyan daha ka kari Orosu duri. Meniq alang pngerah paru hari Aysaniya hii de, egu bale ka mkla eygo. Mkela mrengo kari Aysaniya ka seediq Orosu duri, kndalax knkawas 2007 di ge, ga prana ttgesa kari Aysaniya ka sapah pyasan kari Orosu. Dooyun daha klaali ka kari Tokwo duri.

Ini riyung ptbeyax ka snhiyan na seediq Aysaniya, ini dehuk teru pnsnakan kingal ka seediq niqan snhiyan, snhei Citusincyaw-Rutocong ka kana hari seediq daha, seediq Orosu we snhei Cung-cyawhwe. Niqan nanaq ka ga snhei Pay’u-cyaw pnsltudan cbeyo cbeyo riyung duri.

Ttgesa (教育)

Spegun de, yaani maha peeyah 13 suci ma 14 suci ka niqan cungkwe cyawyi ka Aysaniya nii, pheyu tgkinal Syotaw-yen ma Cyaw-tang se-syaw ciida de, patis tgkingal ttgesa laqi muuyas we, samalu daha knkawas 1575. Tase daha cmucac riyung ka mnugaya ba pnhyegan we Taartu tase, pnhyegan na Jweten kowang Kusutahu-arsu‧Atawhu ka knkawas 1632. Knkawas 1919, mnugaya dmoi kari Aysaniya tmgesa ttgsaun tase.

Quri so cyawyi saya na Aysaniya we, niqan putong, cuye ma yeyi-ayhaw. Cyawyi cutu daha we sepac tnunan: secen-cyawyi, cicu-cyawyi, congtung-cyawyi ma kawtung-cyawyi. Ga pheyu lmlamu ba sesyaw-wangru ma ddayo na cyawyi-ciko. Ctawyi-tisi na Aysaniya nii we, niqan kwori, suri, kongri ma suri-ciko. Saya we 589 kana sapah na ppyasan.

Speeyah ta kwoci sesung nungri pingku cihwa we, tgbaro ba ka knkela na congse-sung Aysaniya nii meniq sece: knkawas 2012, tiyici daha we tg13 ka knmalu na, mnkala cingci hoco hwacan-cucu knmalu na. Kiya duri we, maha 89% ka seediq daha 25 knkawas dehuk 64 knkawas we mnuuyas kaw-cong, so nii dige paru riyung snpegan na meniq kongye-hwa suce.

Kaw-tung cyawyi na Aysaniya nii we, teru pnsgao na: sesu, sosu ma posu yen-cyo. So duma cwan-ye (cicu-yise yencyo, soyi, yawse, yayi, cencu-kongcusu ma kotang cyawsu kocung) na we, sesu daka sosu we pspuun na. Konhri tase na Aysaniya we, rmabang niqan cucu-ceng. So ka tmratuc sesu-sungho, smmalu bgurah ttgsaan, ppaha ngngalan pnsseeung patis, pooda pila knspegan, pheyu mdudul sapah pyasan ma, kana so dnuoyan na spsapah pyasan. Sapah pyasan paru pnhyegan cunghu Aysaniya nii we, Tatuar-tase, Taring-tase, Aysaniya sungming-kose tase (Estonian University of Life Sciences) ma, Aysaniya yisu-tase (Estonian Academy of Arts); tase ka tgparu pnhyegan naq we, Aysaniya sang-seyen (Estonian Business School).

Kawteng sesyaw (高等學校)

Taartu tase
Taring rikong tase
Taring tase

Way-cyaw (外交)

Dehuk saya, ga na ini cen-cyaw ka Renhokwo cung-yen nana we, Pe-Han, Putan, Yemun ma Kankwo (Pu).

Pnugluban na daka Conghwa-mingkwo (與中華民國的關係)

Knkawas 1937 idas 12 ali 21 han we, nniqan ka way-cyaw kwansi na Aysaniya daka Conghwa-mingkwo han. Knkawas 1940 idas 8 ali 6, ado ka wada krmuxan mangal Suren di ma, wada msetuq di.

Pnugluban na daka Conghwa-jenming konghokwo (與中華人民共和國的關係)

Knkawas 1991 idas 9 ali 11, wada cen-cyaw daka Conghwa-jenming konghokwo ka Aysaniya.

Pnyahan pnatas (參考資料)